The Kavala Museum opened in 1934, and has occupied its present premises since 1964. It is the most important archaeological museum in Eastern Macedonia, with prehistoric finds from all over the prefecture of Kavala, and from the excavations at Neapolis (old Kavala), Amphipolis, and other parts of Eastern Macedonia.

A number of finds from ancient Amphipolis are displayed on the ground floor: a marble bust of a woman (4^th cent. bc), a marble grave stela of an ephebe (5^th cent. bc), a large gold finger ring and a gold olive wreath that were found in Macedonian Tomb 1 (300 bc), a headless marble statue of a woman wearing a peplos (1^st cent. bc), and a portrait bust of the Roman empress Agrippina. In the next room are architectural members from the sanctuary of the goddess Parthenos in ancient Neapolis, together with a large collection of pots and figurines of the Archaic period from various workshops (Corinth, Cyclades, Chios)

On the first floor are antiquities from Galepsos, Oisyme, ancient Topeiros, Abdera, Mesembria, and ancient Tragilos. They include black-figure wares, clay figurines, clay sarcophagi, a painted cist grave, metal pots, and coins of the Macedonian kings. Some very important exhibits are a Cycladic amphora (7^th cent. bc) and a red-figure hydria (4^th cent. bc), which were found serving as cinerary urns in a cemetery at Oisyme, and a poros sarcophagus with a decorated interior from a sepulchral monument at ancient Tragilos (300 bc).

In the courtyard and the atrium there are grave and votive stelai with reliefs and inscriptions, and architectural members from various parts of Eastern Macedonia, dating to the Roman period.

The museum is being extended at the moment, and the work is expected to be completed before the end of 2000. The museum will then have more exhibition rooms for its permament collections and will also be able to hold temporary exhibitions.